Reishi, lion’s mane and cordyceps: mushrooms used in dietary supplements
STATE editorial team · Updated Oct 6, 2026
In this article
Capsules, powders and drinks: so-called “functional” mushrooms have become a visible part of the supplement world. Reishi, lion’s mane, cordyceps, chaga, shiitake and maitake are nevertheless different ingredients. Understanding them helps you read formulas more accurately, without confusing traditional use, marketing and clinical evidence.
Lion’s mane: the mushroom associated with cognition
Lion’s mane has the scientific name Hericium erinaceus. Its white appearance resembles a mane. It often features in products marketed around concentration and memory.
A small controlled trial published in 2009 studied 30 people with mild cognitive impairment over 16 weeks. Improvements were observed on the scale used, but the limited sample does not support a promise of better memory for everyone or extrapolation to every extract [1].
Reishi: traditional use and immune research
Reishi is associated with species in the Ganoderma genus, including G. lucidum and G. lingzhi. It has a long history of use in Asia and is commonly marketed for wellbeing routines.
Research includes its polysaccharides and triterpenes. Available evidence does not establish a general benefit for sleep or longevity. Interactions and adverse effects are possible, including with some anticoagulant medicines [2].
Cordyceps: an ingredient in sports formulas
The name cordyceps covers several ingredients. Cordyceps militaris and preparations related to Ophiocordyceps sinensis should not be treated as interchangeable. Check the species and preparation on the label.
A trial involving 28 adults explored a blend containing C. militaris and tolerance to high-intensity exercise. Its findings do not guarantee better performance: a tested blend is not equivalent to any cordyceps product [3].
Chaga: pay attention to kidney safety
Chaga, Inonotus obliquus, forms a dark mass on certain trees, notably birches. It is often marketed around antioxidants. Activity observed in a laboratory does not demonstrate a clinical benefit in humans.
Chaga can contain high levels of oxalates. Kidney injury has been reported after substantial, prolonged consumption. Seek medical advice before use if you have kidney disease, a history of kidney stones or take medicines [4].
Shiitake and maitake: from food to extracts
Shiitake, Lentinula edodes, is familiar as a culinary mushroom. Its compounds, including lentinan, have also been studied in specific medical settings. These studies do not prove that a retail capsule prevents or treats disease. Skin reactions can occur with shiitake, particularly when eaten raw or insufficiently cooked [5].
Maitake, Grifola frondosa, is another edible mushroom studied for certain polysaccharides. Evidence remains insufficient to recommend its extracts as a treatment. Caution is needed with medicines that lower blood glucose [6].
How can you recognise a transparent formula?
- Species: look for the scientific name, rather than just a commercial name.
- Material used: fruiting body, mycelium or other material should be identified.
- Preparation: whole mushroom powder and an extract are not directly equivalent.
- Composition: a “10:1” ratio does not prove effectiveness; dosage and analyses matter.
- Testing: ask for results covering identity, contaminants, heavy metals and microbiological quality.
Where beta-glucans are advertised, check their amount and the testing method. The broader term “polysaccharides” does not provide exactly the same information. Transparency helps comparison, but it does not replace clinical evidence.
Frequently asked questions
Which mushroom supplement is best?
There is no universal ranking. Species, extract, available evidence and personal circumstances matter more than a slogan.
Can several mushrooms be combined?
A blend makes it harder to identify the dose of each ingredient. Check the full composition and precautions.
Does “adaptogenic” mean proven effectiveness?
No. The term alone does not establish a specific clinical effect or an authorised health claim.
To continue comparing formulas, read our guide to reading supplement labels.
For information only. Concentrated extracts should not be treated like ordinary foods. Seek advice if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, have a medical condition, take medicines or are preparing for surgery.
